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Doug Ho
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Old Victoria Custom House
The Malahat Building/Old Victoria Custom House is a three-storey, mansard-roofed, brick building, built in 1874-5. It is located on a waterfront site, overlooking the harbour of the city of Victoria, British Columbia.
The Malahat Building/Old Victoria Custom House was designated a national historic site in 1987 because: it is closely associated with Victoria when the city was the pre-eminent commercial centre on Canada's Pacific Coast; and it is a rare surviving example of a 19th-century Second Empire style federal building.
As the customs house for Victoria from 1875 to 1899, the Malahat Building served the city's import and export trade during a time when Victoria was the busiest centre on the West coast. Mining licenses for the Klondike gold rush were administered here.
The Malahat Building/Old Victoria Custom House is a three-storey, mansard-roofed, brick building, built in 1874-5. It is located on a waterfront site, overlooking the harbour of the city of Victoria, British Columbia.
The Malahat Building/Old Victoria Custom House was designated a national historic site in 1987 because: it is closely associated with Victoria when the city was the pre-eminent commercial centre on Canada's Pacific Coast; and it is a rare surviving example of a 19th-century Second Empire style federal building.
As the customs house for Victoria from 1875 to 1899, the Malahat Building served the city's import and export trade during a time when Victoria was the busiest centre on the West coast. Mining licenses for the Klondike gold rush were administered here.
1843 - Fort Victoria is Established
By the early 19th century, the London-based Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) had emerged as the dominant fur-trading power in the Pacific Northwest. The HBC had established a series of permanent outposts throughout the area, including its headquarters at Fort Vancouver, near the mouth of the Columbia River, in current day Washington state. Fearing American annexation of the Columbia River region, George Simpson, HBC Governor, directed HBC fur trader James Douglas to establish a fort on the southern end of Vancouver Island.
On March 14, 1843, the Lekwungen people of southern Vancouver Island (today known as the Songhees and Esquimalt Nations) saw the arrival of the HBC steamship, the Beaver, in Victoria's inner harbour. The Lekwungen lived in extended family groups and resided in permanent and seasonal villages along the southeast coast of Vancouver Island from Esquimalt Lagoon to Cordova Bay, and extending to the Gulf Islands. In addition to hunting, fishing, and gathering berries and other edibles, the Lekwungen cultivated the root vegetable, camas. Cultivation included the regular burning of forest cover in order to create abundant camas meadows.
The Lekwungen assisted with the construction of the fort, and supplied the new arrivals with food and firewood in exchange for blankets. The Lekwungen received one HBC blanket for every 40 cedar logs supplied. Blankets were a traditional measure of wealth in the Lekwungen culture, and were often distributed as a gift at a potlatch. The potlatch is a large prestigious and spiritual ceremony and feast where possessions are given away to display wealth and enhance prestige. A potlatch was held on the occasion of births, deaths, weddings, the transfer of sacred names and titles, and other major events, and was a way of renewing family and friendship ties and redistributing wealth.
The settlement of the newcomers in their territory marked a shift in the lives of the Lekwungen and other neighbouring Indigenous peoples. The increasing number of settlers brought disease such as measles, dysentery, influenza, and smallpox, which resulted in a devastating loss of population. This, coupled with the presence of a new culture that was at times at odds with their own, led to major social disruption.
By the early 19th century, the London-based Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) had emerged as the dominant fur-trading power in the Pacific Northwest. The HBC had established a series of permanent outposts throughout the area, including its headquarters at Fort Vancouver, near the mouth of the Columbia River, in current day Washington state. Fearing American annexation of the Columbia River region, George Simpson, HBC Governor, directed HBC fur trader James Douglas to establish a fort on the southern end of Vancouver Island.
On March 14, 1843, the Lekwungen people of southern Vancouver Island (today known as the Songhees and Esquimalt Nations) saw the arrival of the HBC steamship, the Beaver, in Victoria's inner harbour. The Lekwungen lived in extended family groups and resided in permanent and seasonal villages along the southeast coast of Vancouver Island from Esquimalt Lagoon to Cordova Bay, and extending to the Gulf Islands. In addition to hunting, fishing, and gathering berries and other edibles, the Lekwungen cultivated the root vegetable, camas. Cultivation included the regular burning of forest cover in order to create abundant camas meadows.
The Lekwungen assisted with the construction of the fort, and supplied the new arrivals with food and firewood in exchange for blankets. The Lekwungen received one HBC blanket for every 40 cedar logs supplied. Blankets were a traditional measure of wealth in the Lekwungen culture, and were often distributed as a gift at a potlatch. The potlatch is a large prestigious and spiritual ceremony and feast where possessions are given away to display wealth and enhance prestige. A potlatch was held on the occasion of births, deaths, weddings, the transfer of sacred names and titles, and other major events, and was a way of renewing family and friendship ties and redistributing wealth.
The settlement of the newcomers in their territory marked a shift in the lives of the Lekwungen and other neighbouring Indigenous peoples. The increasing number of settlers brought disease such as measles, dysentery, influenza, and smallpox, which resulted in a devastating loss of population. This, coupled with the presence of a new culture that was at times at odds with their own, led to major social disruption.
The Queen Victoria Statue
Premier Richard McBride commissioned the statue of Queen Victoria in 1912 from Irish artist Albert Bruce-Joy. The bronze statue stands at four metres (13 feet) tall - Queen Victoria was actually just under five feet tall - and is based on a portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter that now hangs in Buckingham Palace. Completed and unveiled in Britain in 1914, shipping was delayed until after World War I.
The granite foundation stone was laid in 1919 by His Royal Highness Edward, Prince of Wales. The pedestal is blue marble. The statue itself was unveiled in 1921 by Canada's Governor General, Victor Cavendish, the Duke of Devonshire.
The statue was intended to stand directly in front of the Ceremonial Entrance to the Parliament Buildings - in place of the Centre Fountain - with the Queen facing the Parliament Buildings and the southern light. Instead, it was placed facing the weaker northern light and immediately adjacent to Belleville Street. The sculptor was so upset that anyone wanting to get a good look at the sculpture would have to stand in the "roadway and be run over by a motorcar or fall backwards into the water" that he refused to attend the unveiling.
Premier Richard McBride commissioned the statue of Queen Victoria in 1912 from Irish artist Albert Bruce-Joy. The bronze statue stands at four metres (13 feet) tall - Queen Victoria was actually just under five feet tall - and is based on a portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter that now hangs in Buckingham Palace. Completed and unveiled in Britain in 1914, shipping was delayed until after World War I.
The granite foundation stone was laid in 1919 by His Royal Highness Edward, Prince of Wales. The pedestal is blue marble. The statue itself was unveiled in 1921 by Canada's Governor General, Victor Cavendish, the Duke of Devonshire.
The statue was intended to stand directly in front of the Ceremonial Entrance to the Parliament Buildings - in place of the Centre Fountain - with the Queen facing the Parliament Buildings and the southern light. Instead, it was placed facing the weaker northern light and immediately adjacent to Belleville Street. The sculptor was so upset that anyone wanting to get a good look at the sculpture would have to stand in the "roadway and be run over by a motorcar or fall backwards into the water" that he refused to attend the unveiling.